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On November 8, 1994, California voters approved Proposition 187, a controversial ballot initiative intended to restrict undocumented immigrants' access to public services. Known as the Save Our State initiative, the measure passed with approximately 59 percent of the vote during a period of economic uncertainty, growing immigration, and heated debate over government spending. Supported by Republican Governor Pete Wilson, who was campaigning for reelection, the proposition sought to deny undocumented residents access to public education, non-emergency healthcare, and certain social services. It also required teachers, healthcare workers, and other public employees to report individuals suspected of lacking legal immigration status. Supporters argued that the restrictions would reduce taxpayer expenses, while opponents maintained that they would undermine education, public health, and civil rights.

The campaign generated intense political debate across California, particularly among Latino and Asian American communities. Opponents organized demonstrations, voter registration campaigns, and student walkouts, including a major protest in Los Angeles that attracted tens of thousands of participants. Despite this opposition, Proposition 187 won a substantial majority at the ballot box. However, its implementation was quickly challenged in federal court, where opponents argued that several provisions conflicted with federal immigration authority and constitutional protections. A federal judge blocked key sections shortly after the election, and the measure's central restrictions were subsequently ruled unconstitutional. In 1999, Democratic Governor Gray Davis ended the state's appeal, effectively bringing the legal battle to a close.

Although Proposition 187 never took effect as its supporters intended, its political consequences extended far beyond the 1994 election. Political researchers and historians have identified the campaign as an important factor in increased political participation among California's Latino and Asian American communities, contributing to voter registration efforts and changing party loyalties over subsequent decades. The controversy also became closely associated with California's gradual shift toward Democratic dominance in statewide elections, although demographic, economic, and other political developments contributed to that transformation. In 2014, California formally removed the remaining unenforceable provisions of Proposition 187 from its statutes. The initiative remains a significant chapter in the state's political history, illustrating how a ballot measure can influence elections and public debate long after its principal provisions have been blocked by the courts.